40 Key Computer Science Concepts Explained In Layman - s Terms, computer science terms to know.3/29/2017 The strategic partnerships that Inria establishes are long-term bilateral partnerships with large industrial groups, formalized in a framework agreement. A research program is developed jointly by Inria and its partner based on the industrial player’s proposed priority topics. Research projects, fitting into this program, are then developed jointly by Inria’s teams and the partner. In addition, a steering committee and a scientific committee ensure that the collaboration is consistent and runs smoothly. From the experiments essay for college admissions, we know that online shopping scales better than online downloading. It is very important to understand big O notation because it helps you to analyze the scalability and efficiency of algorithms. Someone in a movie theater asks you what row you’re sitting in. You are too lazy to count, so you ask the person in front of you. You simply have to add 1 from the person’s answer to get your current row number. Brilliant right? However agree essays, the person in front of you did exactly the same thing, and so on. Finally the question reaches row 1 and he answers: “I’m in row 1!”. From there swimming essays, the correct message (incremented by one each row) will pass all the way up to the person who asked. What if I order several Blu-ray movies like The Lord of the Rings essay for business, Twilight, The Dark Knight Trilogy, etc. and download all the movies online at the same time? This time, the delivery still take a day to complete, but the online download takes 3 days to finish. Above: The Droste chocolate box illustrates recursion. Say you order Harry Potter: Complete 8-Film Collection [Blu-ray] from Amazon and download the same film collection online at the same time. You want to test which method is faster. The delivery takes almost a day to arrive and the download completed about 30 minutes earlier. Great! So it’s a tight race. Note: Big O notation represents the worst-case scenario of an algorithm. Let’s assume that O(1) and O(n) are the worst-case scenarios of the example above. The hill climbing algorithm attempts to find a better solution by generating a neighboring solution. Each neighboring solution is generated based on the best solution so far, with a single element modified . Concurrency is a property of programs and systems that allow tasks to run in overlapping time periods. And methodologies are often implemented wrongly: From the experiments, we know that online shopping scales better than online downloading. It is very important to understand big O notation because it helps you to analyze the scalability and efficiency of algorithms. The answer is 119. Easy to solve right? What if I reverse the question: A burglar checks every possible entries to find the easiest way (weakness) to get in. Maybe your second-floor windows is left open, who knows? Feel free to suggest any new computer science theories or concepts to add english literature and creative writing, those that you think is important and often confusing. At restaurants, you order food (call API) from the menu (APIs). Once your food is ready (API response is ready), the waiter will serve you the food. So essay international language, what can you do to handle the above situation? One really simple way is mutual exclusion. A trojan horse is malware program that pretends to be useful or helpful and runs malicious code in the background . It’s impossible to tell. The number can even be negative, when developers are paying technical debts . Let’s say you’re a locker room manager for a spa. There are 30 lockers. You have to keep track of the number of keys you have each time you receive or hand out a key, but you don’t exactly know who they are. If all lockers are full, others have to queue up. Whenever someone is done, he/she will hand over the key to the first person in the queue. You climb the hill over and over again. Each time, you take the exact same path that leads you to the highest peak ever recorded, but somewhere in the middle of your journey. you choose a slightly different route . So here you go. Computer science in the nutshell. Here’s another example known as the Droste effect. A nurse is carrying a tray with a box of cocoa and a cup containing a smaller image of her holding the same thing, which in turn contains an even smaller version of the image, and so on. After the trip ended and your whole body is sore and tired, you look at the hiking map for the first time. Oh my god! There’s a muddy river that I should’ve crossed, instead of keep walking upwards. Suggested by Will Sargent Here’s a real life example: P vs NP is listed as 1 of the 7 Millennium Prize Problems by Clay Mathematics Institute. $1 million will be awarded to the first correct solution. Sharing identical keys works fine among 2 people. What if Alice want to exchange stuff with another guy named Carl, and Alice doesn’t want anybody to see their stuff too? Alice can’t use the same lock and key that she shared with Bob free help writing a research paper, else Bob can unlock the box easily! The example above describes memoization (yes memoization not memorization), a top-down approach in dynamic programming, which store the results of previous computations for future use. What if I order several Blu-ray movies like The Lord of the Rings, Twilight, The Dark Knight Trilogy, etc. and download all the movies online at the same time? This time, the delivery still take a day to complete, but the online download takes 3 days to finish. That’s how computer works. You have to tell the computer what it exactly needs to do. It doesn’t know how to assume and never think about the consequences. Let’s assume you have a leak in a water pipe in your garden. You take a bucket and some sealing materials to fix the problem. After a while how to write an expository essay college, you see that the leak is much bigger that you need a plumber to bring bigger tools. In the meanwhile, you are still using the bucket to drain the water. After a while sample of proposal argument essay, you notice that a massive underground stream has opened. You need to handle gallons of water every second. Measuring software productivity by lines of code is like measuring progress on an airplane by how much it weighs. More: Public Key Cryptography: Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (video) Deadlock is another common issue in concurrency system. DDoS attempts to bring a site or service down by flooding it with visitors. Say you order Harry Potter: Complete 8-Film Collection [Blu-ray] from Amazon and download the same film collection online at the same time. You want to test which method is faster. The delivery takes almost a day to arrive and the download completed about 30 minutes earlier. Great! So it’s a tight race. Let’s modify the solution a little bit. Objects are nouns sat essay writing questions, methods are verbs. Note: Big O notation represents the worst-case scenario of an algorithm. Let’s assume that O(1) and O(n) are the worst-case scenarios of the example above. Here’s the important part: Are NP problems (e.g. factorization) also P problems (e.g. multiplication) university assignments custom orders, just that we haven’t discover the efficient way to solve NP problems? Are NP problems really hard to solve, or we just need an “aha moment” from a brilliant scientist (or you?) to come out with an efficient algorithm? Or maybe humans are too dumb? Imagine there exist machine or life that possesses much higher intelligence than human. They see us like how we see ants. Our level of intelligence is too insignificant to them. Solving P vs NP problem is like solving 1 + 1 to them! Getting into the zone is like falling asleep. Imagine you are waking up a person who is close to falling asleep in few more seconds. Now he/she has to spend more time to fall back into sleep! You can also randomly choose a different starting point, which is known as random-restart hill climbing. So that you don’t just linger around the same area and reduce your probability of getting stuck. Hacking is similar to breaking into a house. Here are some of the popular hacking techniques:
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